[iPutin] Lattest Articles

A Discarded Memo on Russia

Fri, 05 Sep 2008 06:46:41 +0000

This one is pretty entertaining from Dominic Lawson at the Independent:

I found the following memo – as you do – under a half-finished cup of coffee on the train to Waterloo. Coffee stains made it difficult to read, but it seemed to have come from a person with the single initial, C. "Prime Minister, you asked us to come up with 'the cheapest possible way to nobble Putin, which will not involve speeches or public acts of any sort by that bastard Miliband'. While we were slightly surprised by this reference to the Secretary of State, we share your view that another of his speeches on the naughtiness of the Russians, and how the EU is really, really serious about it this time, will not do. You will have observed from today's newspapers how a systematic campaign of financial and legal harassment has caused BP to blink in its battle with the Russian oligarchs. We propose a similar policy. First of all, we should ask our friends in Switzerland to investigate the affairs of the Gunvor Group. You will recall from an earlier memo that Mr Putin has a very special interest in this company, which now takes commission on about a third of Russia's seaborne crude oil exports. We might not even need help from the Swiss for this, as our most recent investigations have revealed that Gunvor's ultimate holding company is domiciled in the British Virgin Islands.

I'm too sexy for this Kremlin

Fri, 05 Sep 2008 06:33:52 +0000

Who says the Associated Press doesn't produce hard hitting reports from Russia anymore? Wow, Putin is having a rough couple of months here...

In its September "Sexy Rating" list, the glamor magazine ranks who it considers the 20 sexiest Russian politicians. At the top is Boris Nemtsov, a former leader of opposition party Union of the Right Forces now viewed by many as a spent force. It is rare that Putin loses out at home. A winner abroad — selected as Time's person of the year in 2007, and Vanity Fair's most powerful and influential figure of the year this month — Putin courts widespread popularity at home, having restored a sense of national pride and stability after the difficult post-Soviet years of Boris Yeltsin's rule. "This is good news ... but I don't take it too seriously," said Nemtsov, who is pictured sitting on a bed, barefoot and dressed in a grey silk shirt and chinos. Although greying at the temples, that doesn't seem to put the voters off.

Russia: Moscow Gets Approval From CSTO Countries Over Georgia!

Fri, 05 Sep 2008 02:23:00 +0000

Purple: CSTO members. Pink: Other CIS states.

Hello,

Russian diplomacy achieved an important triumph in foreign relations yesterday. At the Moscow meeting of the foreign ministers of the Collective Security Treaty Organization a joint statement was adopted that laid all the blame for the conflict in South Ossetia on Georgia. At the same time, the members of the organization gave support to a package of Russian proposals touching on global security, including Russian President Dmitry Medvedev’s idea of developing a European treaty. Moscow will try to build upon that success at the CSTO summit today.

What is the CSTO:
On October 7, 2002, the Presidents of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan, signed a charter in Chişinău, founding the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) (Russian: Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности (ОДКБ~ODKB)) or simply Ташкентский договор. Nikolai Bordyuzha was appointed secretary general of the new organization. On 23 June 2006, Vladimir Putin announced that Uzbekistan had also joined the CSTO.

The charter reaffirmed the desire of all participating states to abstain from the use or threat of force. Signatories would not be able to join other military alliances or other groups of states, while aggression against one signatory would be perceived as an aggression against all.

The CSTO is an observer organisation at the United Nations General Assembly. (Link)

The document adopted by this group of seven – Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – expresses support for “the Russian Federation’s active role in contributing to peace and cooperation in the Caucasus.” They advocate “a guarantee of firm security for South Ossetia and Abkhazia based on the United Nations Charter and the 1975 Helsinki Accords” and insist on “the rigorous fulfillment of the settlement principles developed by the president of the Russian Federation and president of France.”

The most pleasant part of the document for Russia is where the CSTO countries express “grave concern over the military actions undertaken by the Georgian side in South Ossetia that have led to numerous civilian victims and the deaths of Russian peacekeepers and a severe humanitarian crisis.”

In the midst of the numerous statements by the CSTO member states, it has gone unnoticed that none of its members has approved Russia’s recognition of the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.Russia now has to still make efforts to find sympathizers ready to follow its example in recognizing the two Caucasian republics. Now that Nicaragua has done so, it will be at least a tiny bit easier for Moscow.

Kyle & Svet

comments always welcome.

Vanity Loves Vlad

Thu, 04 Sep 2008 19:42:33 +0000

Vladimir Putin just keeps racking up the accolades. As everyone will remember, Time magazine caused a stir when it named VVP Person of the Year 2007. Now Vanity Fair has named him Numero Uno on its The New Establishment 2008 list. VF’s blurb on Vlad the Invader,

SPHERE OF INFLUENCE: After eight years as Russia’s president, Putin’s still at the height of his power. He saw his approval ratings top 80 percent, thanks to an economy revived through energy profits, which has made it easier for him to get away with his antipathy to free speech and other civil liberties—he controls the media and imprisons or exiles his enemies. And cashing in on Russia’s natural resources has enabled Putin to pay off the nation’s foreign debt, rebuild its military, restore its pride, and re-assert its place in world affairs. Faced with presidential-term limits, Putin, 56, sustained his formidable power by becoming prime minister and leader of the overwhelmingly dominant United Russia party. He also all but installed his longtime protégé and former campaign manager, Dmitri A. Medvedev, as Russia’s new president through a reportedly rigged March election. But by all accounts Putin was the commander in chief in its recent foray into Georgia.

ENEMIES: Georgia and former chess champion Garry Kasparov, who is the leader of the opposition coalition Other Russia and has had the nerve to challenge Putin’s iron rule.

RUMOR HAS IT: Putin has secretly stashed away more than $40 billion (from Russia’s oil-and-gas riches) in secret bank accounts in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE LACK OF MODESTY: Putin’s exhibitionistic tendency to go shirtless (and show off his buff, hairless physique to photographers) while fishing with Monaco’s Prince Albert II or hunting in the Siberian mountains.

SHOULD BE EMBARRASSED ABOUT: Putin has done little to rein in the country’s ruling kleptocracy. In a recent call to analysts, Rupert Murdoch said, “The more I read about investments in Russia, the less I like the feel of it. The more successful we’d be, the more vulnerable we’d be to have it stolen from us.”

And when you consider all the above, his pecks, and his hunting skills, what a mensch!

EU-nuchs Revert to Default-Mode Balance of Power

Thu, 04 Sep 2008 11:29:00 +0000

The Economist has a long article on the "wobble" the EU is exercising with Russia after its vicious aggression into a democratically elected country [Hitler in 1938? Even the Swedish PM thinks so.]

Read the article to understand that Putin, who wants to keep Russian troops in Poti, a Georgian port far from disputed zones, is really in charge in Russia. The EU-nuchs, among them world-class right-wing crook Berlusconi, are tut-tutting and tsk-tsking away as Sarkozy heads to Moscow Sept. 8th.

Hope he won't come back waving a piece of paper promising "Peace in Our Time."

Sarah Palin got it right when she made her speech in St. Paul----Russian aggression must be stopped. The EU-nuchs collectively have fewer balls than this one Alaska mom!!!

Real Tough Guise

Thu, 04 Sep 2008 07:21:31 +0000

These days, authoritarian populism in Russia requires a certain street cred and swagger in the orotorical style ... even if it comes out rather unconvincingly from a dimunitive lawyer.

On Tuesday, he used some of his harshest rhetoric to date, calling Georgian President Mikhail Saakashvili a "political corpse" and suggesting the U.S. somehow instigated the war in Georgia to bolster Sen. John McCain's presidential campaign. (...) Squaring his shoulders, looking grim and punctuating his speeches with uncharacteristically blunt language, the 42-year-old Medvedev has in recent months sounded like Putin, his predecessor and mentor. On Aug. 11, he used the words "lunatic" and "bastard" in talking about Saakashvili.

Russian Concrete and Cement Market

Thu, 04 Sep 2008 02:28:26 +0000

Download the PDF version of the report Russian Construction Material Market Research

Cement from Portland unloaded in Russia

The global cement and concrete additive market is experiencing rapid growth. The world market has been growing at more than 6.8 percent annually since 2005. (1) Developed markets worldwide are posting weaker gains than the world average at about 6 percent. Meanwhile the emerging markets of Eastern Europe are posting gains much higher than the world average at above 15 percent. (2) It is the perfect time for U.S. producers to look to the emerging markets to expand their customer base and diversify their risk. The emerging markets of Eastern Europe, and specifically, Russia, are perfect targets for Western companies that are turning their eye globally to increase their revenues.

Russian Market Overview

Since 1999, Russia has experienced outstanding growth rates, constantly improving macroeconomic conditions, and a growing involvement in the global economy. These achievements, together with high world oil prices, political and economic stability, and skyrocketing foreign direct investment have all contributed to the growth of the country’s economy. Russia is the fastest growing economy in the G8 group of industrialized nations. Over the last seven years, Russia’s economy has grown by an average rate of 6.8 percent each year and is projected to grow at an average rate of 7 percent YOY through 2010. In 2006 and 2007 Russia’s growth exceeded all expectations, accelerating in several key economic sectors such as real estate, tourism, and retail.

Russia has a very stable macroeconomic situation. Inflation runs below 10 percent, foreign currency and gold reserves have increased to around $400 billion and are now the world’s third largest after China and Japan. (4) The strength and stability of the economy was noted by the major credit rating agencies (S&P, Moody’s and Fitch), all of which awarded Russia an upgraded investment rating in 2006. (5) The excellent macroeconomic conditions make Russia a thriving capital market that foreign investors are increasingly finding more attractive. Foreign investment for the first half of 2007 totaled $67 billion, (6) compared, for instance, to $14 billion in Poland in the entire 2006. (7) Economists say that, “unlike in China, there are no signs of overheating of the economy detectible. Modern Russia has never before seen such a growth rate and economists expect the tendency to continue.” (8)

Russian Construction Market Highlights

Growth across all sectors has contributed to the growth of Russia’s real estate market and created considerable demand for affordable housing and all types of construction material. Thirteen cities in Russia have populations of more than a million, which offer ample markets for concrete, cement, and aggregate.

Residential construction increased by 15 percent in 2006, which is the highest annual growth rate since 1991. (9) As a whole, the construction industry grew by 19.5 percent in real annual terms in 2006, accounting for 5.8 percent of GDP growth. (10) Long-term growth in the housing market is being stimulated by the Russian government. In 2005, Russian President Vladimir Putin launched the National Priority Project (NPP), a national initiative focused on heavy investment in education, healthcare, agriculture, and housing. The housing component of NPP includes $3.5 billion in annual state guarantees to develop Russia’s affordable housing sector. (11) This means an estimated one to one and a half billion square feet of new housing will be brought onto the market every year. (12)

According to the Russian Government, about 13.5 billion square feet of available housing is needed to meet the present housing demand of the Russian population. Most of the current available housing in Russia is old, outdated, and rundown. A recently conducted population census in Russia revealed that over half of all private householders occupy buildings that were constructed between the 1950’s and 1980’s. (13)

Growth is robust in the commercial sector, which runs complementary to the housing sector. In 2006, Business Week estimated that foreign investment funds invested as much as $1.5 billion into Russian real estate projects, nearly double the level in 2005. (14) The market is especially attractive to commercial real estate investors who are seeing annual returns that are in the double digits vs. 4 to 5 percent in Western Europe and the U.S. (15) Analysts predict this growth to persist as demand continues to outpace supply by a wide margin. (16)

Construction of entertainment centers and shopping malls is also on the rise. Moscow is expected to have at least 17 new shopping centers by the end of 2007 as developers look to reap the benefits of rising incomes and growing consumer spending. Expansion is also occurring outside of Russia’s major cities as developers have begun investing in the 13 cities with populations of more than one million throughout the vast country. By the end of 2008, 11 large shopping malls with a total of about 22 million square feet of new retail space will open in cities like Yekaterinburg, St. Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, and Samara. (17) Despite the spectacular growth, the market is still considered to be in its infancy and is expected to continue to drive demand for housing in the coming years.

The U.S. government reports that Russia has a large potential market for the U.S. construction and building products industries. Traditionally, European manufacturers have been better represented in Russia than U.S. firms. However, given the dollar/euro exchange rate, Russian importers of building products have expressed an increased interest in U.S. suppliers. (18)

There are many prime locations outside of major cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg available to set up a manufacturing facility for cement, concrete, or aggregate. The transportation network and logistics around major Russian cities is extremely developed and makes it relatively easy to transport the necessary inputs and outputs for the facility. Russia’s wide network of transportation has close to 550,000 miles of roads and a railway system considered one of the most extensive in the world, covering some 95,000 miles of broad rail. (19)

Furthermore, there are many U.S. government programs that can be taken advantage of in constructing such a facility in Russia. U.S. government agencies such as OPIC and Ex-Im Bank specifically exist to support and expand the international reach of U.S. businesses. These organizations can assist with financing the construction of the facility and further represent American interests abroad.

Sochi Olympics 2014

The Olympics are the most visible international sporting event. The Olympics coming to Russia present an extraordinary opportunity for construction material manufacturers of all types. These materials will be needed to improve the infrastructure and make the area suitable for such an enormous endeavor. Cement and concrete additives will be needed to construct all of the housing, hotels, venues, roads and much more to make this event a success.

On July 4, 2007, the Russian city of Sochi was elected to be the venue for the XXII Olympic Winter Games in 2014. Sochi won the honor to host one of the most prestigious international events, for the first time in Russian history (in 1980 Moscow, at that time capital of the Soviet Union, hosted the summer Olympic Games). Sochi’s successful bid has immediately drawn the attention of both Russian and foreign investors who will spend at least $20 billion in the development of the area.

Sochi’s successful candidature gave the city, Krasnodar region, and all of Russia increased international visibility. The whole country has enthusiastically backed Sochi’s bid and will play an active role in developing and strengthening the local, regional, and national resources to make this event a global success. With less than 30 miles dividing the white mountains of Krasnaya Polyana from the palms of the Black Sea coast, Sochi represents a unique location and a rising star among world top sport and vacation resorts.

Hosting the 2014 Winter Olympics will require large investments in order to upgrade all present sport and hospitality facilities, build new infrastructure, and make the venue a location of highest international quality.

Construction in Sochi

The construction market in Russia in general, and Sochi in particular, is surging both in residential and commercial segments. Industry experts expect the construction market to keep growing. Vesa Koivula, president of CRAMO, a leading European construction equipment leaser said, “this trend will continue for the time being. We see this market as the most promising.”(20) According to other professionals, “Russia is one of the most attractive markets in the world for construction materials.” (21)

These conditions present construction materials companies with a very distinct opportunity to expand their operations in Russia and supply the growing demand in the market. With Sochi’s successful bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics, cement and concrete additive usage is expected to grow dramatically. From sport facilities to transportation, from new hotels to residential real estate, Sochi and the Krasnodar region offer extensive opportunities for Western players with a global vision.

Business Opportunities for US companies in Russia

The conditions for investment into Russia are the best in Russia’s history. There has never been a greater need for all types of construction materials in the region, particularly concrete and cement. Both residential and commercial construction is in high demand and the Winter Olympics are coming to Russia. The demand for these materials is greater than the supply. U.S. cement and concrete additive manufacturers can help fill this void by setting up facilities in Russia to take advantage of this enormous shortage. The current environment provides substantial opportunities for U.S. companies to bring their Western expertise to the Russian market. Establishing a concrete, cement, or aggregate manufacturing facility in the region will allow companies not only to fulfill the growing demand for these products, but also take advantage of the wide availability of raw material inputs and low labor costs, keeping costs much lower than in the United States.

If you have any questions about this report or would like to obtain additional information regarding this opportunity, please feel free to contact Alexander Aginsky at a.aginsky@aginskyconsulting.com.

Footnotes:

1 “World Cement & Concrete Additive Demand to reach $6.7 Billion in 2008,” Aggregate Research. February 21, 2005. Available online at:
www.aggregateresearch.com/reports/article.asp?id=5839
2 Todd Prince. “Mortgage Market Set to Almost Double in 2007,” The Moscow Times -20 march, 2007. Available on-line at:
http://www.realestate.moscowtimes.ru/archive/realestate/116
3 “Country Report – Russia,” The World Bank. 2007. Available online at: www.worldbank.org
4 RIA Novosti, May 21, 2007. http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/2007-115-4.cfm
5 Russian IT quarterly. Available on-line at: http://www.reksoft.com/misc/reksoft_co/files/137/Russian_Economy_Outlook.pdf
6 Kommersant July 23, 2007. The Russian Investment Boom Continues
7 Polish information and Foreign investment Agency. Available on-line at: http://www.paiz.gov.pl/nowosci/?id_news=1350&lang_id=1
8 Kommersant July 23, 2007. The Russian Investment Boom Continues
9 Todd Prince. “Mortgage Market Set to Almost Double in 2007,” The Moscow Times -20 march, 2007. Available on-line at:
http://www.realestate.moscowtimes.ru/archive/realestate/116
10 Adisa Banjanovic. “Housing in Russia becomes state priority,” US Commercial Services. 21 May, 2007.
http://www.realestate.moscowtimes.ru/archive/realestate/116
11 “Russia: Mortgage Market,” US Commercial Services. August 2006.
12 Adisa Banjanovic. “Housing in Russia becomes state priority,” US Commercial Services. 21 May, 2007.
13 “Russian Forestry Review 2006.” Available on-line at:
http://www.russianforestryreview.com/files/docs/rfr_promo.pdf
14 “The Russian Towers Are Coming,” Business Week. 9, October 2006. Available on-line at:
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_41/b4004066.htm
15 Ibid
16 Sabra Ayres. “Malls more than a capital idea in Russia” International Herald Tribune. 4 October, 2006. Available on-line at:
http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/09/26/business/remoscow.php
17 Ibid
18 “Overview of the Russian market for building products,” BISNIS publication. Available on-line at: http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_4470620.pdf
19 “Countries Information.” Available on-line at:
http://www.paagproducts.org/countries.html
20 Yekatereina Dranitsyna. “CRAMO to Equip Russian Builders”: Petersburg City.com, April 26, 2007.
http://petersburgcity.com/news/business/2007/04/26/constraction/
21 Rober Obekton and Richard Luca. “The Russian construction and mining machinery market”, PMR Publicatitons 2007.

RA's Daily Russia News Blast - Sept 4, 2008

Thu, 04 Sep 2008 01:43:32 +0000

TODAY: Second journalist killed, another beaten up as police curb protests. Ukrainian government in turmoil over Russia. Georgia to receive almost $2 billion in US and IMF aid. Germany fears Russian influence; Lavrov in Poland. Putin says US agents provoked Georgia conflict. Gunmen in the Russian republic of Dagestan have shot and killed pro-Islam television journalist Abulla Alishayev, and in another Russian region, a newspaper editor was severely beaten. Police have been blocking the streets in Ingushetia to try and curb protests over the shooting of opposition leader Magomed Yevloyev. President Viktor Yushchenko has threatened to dissolve his Ukrainian government over a row with Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko regarding Russia’s invasion of Georgia. The latter has refrained from criticizing Russia directly. A new poll shows that the majority of Germans fear Russia’s influence over former Soviet states. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will travel to Poland next week for talks on the plan to station parts of a US missile shield on Polish soil. Scant progress from the EU emergency summit is still being overshadowed by ongoing violence in the Caucasus. Meanwhile the European Parliament has adopted a fresh resolution urging Russia to withdraw its troops from Georgia. In addition to a $750m loan from the International Monetary Fund to help rebuild its economy, Georgia will also receive $1 billion of (non-military) aid from the US government. Hundreds of Russian builders have been sent to South Ossetia. Russia is pushing for a peace deal with Moldova and its breakaway region of Transdniester. To back up Prime Minister Vladimir Putin’s claims that US agents provoked the Georgian conflict, Moscow is claiming that Michael Lee White, an American english teacher, stirred tensions in Georgia ahead of the war. This Washington Post columnist weighs the responses of US presidential candidates to the conflict. “Medvedev” - the book. http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1009/42/370657.htm PHOTO: A Georgian refugee hangs out clothes to dry, in a refugee camp in Gori, Georgia, Wednesday, Sept. 3, 2008. The United Nations refugee agency said Tuesday that 4,200 people had fled their villages near South Ossetia to the nearby city of Gori because of harassment by marauding militias. (AP Photo/Shakh Aivazov)

Energy Blast - Sept 4, 2008

Thu, 04 Sep 2008 01:43:31 +0000

As part of an apparent Russian push for African energy resources, Gazprom has signed an oil and gas exploration agreement with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. Alaskan governor Sarah Palin says that US reliance on imported oil poses a national security risk. Dick Cheney says the US intends to work with countries in the Caucasus region as a means of developing energy security. “Cheney and Putin deserve each other. At bottom, both men are backward-looking holdovers from the past.” Nuclear services monopoly Atomstroyexport has begun building a new power plant in Bulgaria. Rosneft’s plans to delay the opening of a new field could contribute to an overall decline in Russian oil output this year. Russia will need investment if it is to keep up with growing electricity demand.

NEW BRETTON WOODS:Russia's Role in a Recovery

Wed, 03 Sep 2008 23:03:00 +0000

This article appears in the September 5, 2008 issue of Executive Intelligence Review.

by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr.

August 20, 2008

A fraudulent representation of the Franklin Roosevelt Bretton Woods system was recently launched at Modena, Italy, by a pair of seasoned turncoats, Jonathan Tennenbaum and Paolo Raimondi. The targets of their fully intended fraud included both important Russian scientists and notable Italian political figures. That pair of hoaxsters, who had gone over to the proverbial "other side" during recent years, represented a small, London-oriented circle of hoaxsters which have put themselves out for sale in search of hire and fame to be supplied by British Euro-oligarchical intelligence circles. The method by which that pair of hoaxsters perpetrated their fraud on the Russian and other guests, was passing themselves off, flagrantly, by representing themselves as being currently associated with me.

A significant number of participants in that Modena event have since expressed shock at discovering that fraud perpetrated upon them by the particular rascals Tennenbaum and Raimondi. The following report will serve, hopefully, as some compensation to them for the embarrassment which they suffered at the hands of that pair of hoaxsters.

Otherwise, the subject of the following pages of this report, has been posed to me by the way in which the relevant Russian participants, even including some prominent ones, were targeted for disinformation. The remedy for that abuse which they suffered on that account, is provided in the following pages, as a correction for the lack of understanding of Roosevelt's actual Bretton Woods reform shown by the event's organizers. This correction by me will fill a gap in the knowledge of this matter among those present-day European policy shapers who were born after the close of the 1939-1945 general war. The object here is to make known the actual requirements for a present-day equivalent of the proposal which President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference.

The particular source of difficulty for some relevant Russian specialists, in particular, has been that they have often been victims of the errors of assumption of the type which might be expected as the net effect of an earlier, pro-Marxist indoctrination in the British imperialist monetary dogma of Adam Smith. Similarly, most Europeans of today, therefore tend to resist a competent understanding of the actual intention of President Franklin Roosevelt, and are not informed of the relevance of that Leibnizian science of physical economy which underlies the design of the Hamiltonian credit-system on which President Roosevelt's intentions had depended.

It is therefore important that these matters be clarified by me, not only for the benefit of Russians, but also most other patriotic Europeans, and also prominent North and South Americans of today. Economics is the one subject which is outstanding in the respect that everyone practices it, but almost no one in government around the world today has an actual understanding of what it is, in its effect, that they are actually practicing.

Foreword: The Dollar Is Still Mighty

But, not almighty.

The clearest example of the need for the kind of reform of the presently, hopelessly bankrupt world monetary-financial system which the world needs today, is to be recognized in the immediate problems which the recent collapse of the U.S. dollar represents for China. It is a China without whose participation no successful reform of what is the already bankrupt world system, could be managed by any part of the world at this time.

Simply restated, that challenge to be faced in capitals around the world today, is: "What about the U.S. dollar-denominated debts to China?" Without a system of parity based on approximately current physical content of U.S. dollars held as claims by China, no successful recovery from the present world economic breakdown-crisis would be possible. Without a reform of the type which requires the kind of cooperation I have specified for the initiation by the U.S.A., Russia, India, and China, there is no possibility of avoiding an already onrushing plunge of the planet as a whole, into a prolonged new dark age of all humanity.

Furthermore, while it were desirable that any among Russia, China, India, and other nations would press the United States to initiate the New Bretton Woods reform which I have proposed, it is absolutely indispensable that that reform in international institutions actually be initiated as a proffer from the U.S.A. The reasons for that indispensable role of the U.S.A. lie, not only in the fact that "dollar" means "the big debt of the world system;" it also means, that only the U.S.A. Constitution provides the mechanism readily at hand by which a needed quality of New Bretton Woods system could be actually launched as an international treaty organization.

The obvious sort of likely objection to what I have just said, would be expressed by the question: "What if the U.S.A. were not to utter such an offer?"

Even if proposals for a "New Bretton Woods" from Russia, China, and India, could not be successful without U.S. concurrence, the making of those proposals in the spirit of the Westphalian principle, by those and other nations, will have a powerful, perhaps indispensable effect in pushing the U.S.A. toward launching the required initiative for joint action.

The only competent reply to that question which many might pose, would be, that the failure to push through this reform now, would mean that we shall all either actually go to the Hell which we will have brought upon ourselves, or, will be subjecting several coming generations of this planet as a whole to a roughly comparable effect. Thus, the campaign for a "new Bretton Woods," is one of those battles, like that of a great war already in progress, in which no acceptable choice but that either a Westphalian victory in policy is adopted, or the planet has already entered a new dark age.

Sometimes, as in physical-scientific practice, nature itself confronts us with choices like that: For this occasion, governments better decide to do it in a timely fashion, or those nation-states themselves may not be around long enough to be free to search for alternatives. Liberals of that general type which the excellent English patriot Jonathan Swift ridiculed, do not, admittedly, accept such notions of scientific imperatives with the good grace shown by such predecessors and patrons of Benjamin Franklin as Massachusetts' Increase and Cotton Mather. So, in the case that the Anglo-Dutch Liberal legacy of Paolo Sarpi were to prevail again today, mankind might be left with no hopeful option but to look for some future, perhaps distant time, when the self-elimination of the modern Sophistry of Liberalism from the human equation, provides mankind a poor and painful, but necessary relief from what has become the infinitely tiresome, continued existence of the moral depravity known as the Sarpian mode of Anglo-Dutch Liberalism.

The particular problem in today's world, is that the Trans-Atlantic world, especially in the northern hemisphere, has undergone a form and degree of moral and scientific degeneration since about 1968, in which competent knowledge of the physical and related requirements of a successful form of economy is, presently, rarely possessed or desired among that specifically white-collar, philosophically Liberal generation of the so-called "Baby Boomers," which was born between the 1945 close of the most recent world war, and the 1958 approach toward the so-called 1962 "missiles crisis."

In short, it is time for many nations to actually grow up, suddenly, to true adulthood. Admittedly, the dollar has been greatly depreciated since July 31, 1971; but, the potential of that dollar as a reserve currency remains unique, even if—for the present moment—the U.S.A. no longer actually owns it.

1. Ask China!
An increasing number of relevant officials, inside and outside China, recognize the global situation to which I have just referred; however, no governmental source on record known to me has shown, so far, a true comprehension of both the urgently needed warnings, and proposed remedies which I have uttered on this account. The problem is not that I have not been accurate, nor that I have lacked necessary precision on this subject- matter; the problem is a familiar type of problem in present and past history alike. Many simply did not wish to hear of any rational change contrary to their own, passionately held, present prejudices. This reality can be studied as a composite of several historically defined issues of policy-making and, in general, the true history of tragedy in the planet's great affairs of today.

1. First of all, there is the matter of widespread ignorance, even among putative experts, of the fundamental difference in scientific principle, between the U.S. Constitution's specification of a credit-system, and a typical, usury-based, European monetary system.
2. Second, the vicious, cardinal error of substituting a monetarist standard for physical values.

3. The absence of a scientifically competent standard for defining "earned" profit margins, a standard needed to rid the current practice of financial accounting of its corrupting traditions of usury.

4. The failure to bring the notion of economy up to date, scientifically, in terms of the notions of Biosphere and Noösphere.

So, therefore, in this present report, we must, first, dispose of a widespread ignorance of the implications of the strategic conflict between the Bretton Woods System as it had been intended by President Franklin Roosevelt during the 1944 Bretton Woods conference, the conflict between Roosevelt's anti-imperialist credit-system, and the opposite, pro-imperialist intention expressed under that scoundrel President Harry S Truman, during the years which followed. Most of the present discussion to date, under the rubric of "New Bretton Woods System," implicitly accepts the axiomatic assumptions of the British opposition to President Roosevelt's actual intention, the opposition represented by the pro-imperialist, Keynesian, monetarist model. That was the mistaken model supported by both President Harry Truman and his British accomplices, in specific, systemic opposition to President Roosevelt's 1944 intention, during the years immediately following Roosevelt's death.

Some History To Be Considered
The new system, required to rescue the real economies from what are in fact the presently hopelessly bankrupt present systems, must earmark the elements which are to be saved, out of nominal values from the present, bankrupt systems, while discarding the remainder. The earmarked elements from the discarded monetary systems, must then be assimilated into the new credit systems.

As President Roosevelt stated clearly to Winston Churchill and others, during the course of the 1939-1945 world war, not only had the U.S. economic recovery under Roosevelt produced the most powerful economic war-machine the world had ever known. Roosevelt intended to use that available economic power to eliminate imperialism from the planet's forthcoming, post-war history.

Roosevelt's intention, including that expressed by his role in Bretton Woods, was that each nation must have true sovereignty under the needed new reforms, and, at the same time, that all forms of colonialism and its like must be uprooted from the planet. To that end, Roosevelt intended that the colonies should be freed to become truly sovereign nations. To accomplish this, he intended, that the physical-economic power of the U.S. war-machine would be converted into an instrument of a post-war order, an order in which all people would gain both political freedom from actual or virtual colonial status, and each nation would be assisted in the economic development needed to sustain that sovereignty.

These had been the anti-imperialist intentions which Roosevelt had stated clearly, and repeatedly, to Winston Churchill and other relevant figures during the interval of the 1939-1945 war. Had President Roosevelt lived through the end of that war, those intentions were about to be fulfilled, but only if Roosevelt's 1944 design for Bretton Woods were carried forward at the point of the coming close of the war. This intention by him has been supported, continually, by me, as my expressed intention in all the recent forty years of my life as a public political figure, and in all my designs for public policy, over all of the past four decades, to present date.

For example: the actual source of all of the actually important opposition to the role which I have played in public affairs during these decades, has been an echo of the leading opponents of that Franklin Roosevelt legacy, opponents who represented the same political species of powerful trans-Atlantic financier interests against which President Franklin Roosevelt had fought up to the moment of his death, an intention, by him, which I have been proud to serve.

What I affirm for today as this continuing intention for the post-war world, had been the foundation for President Roosevelt's launching of a fixed-exchange-rate credit-system at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference.

FDR's Intended Principle
What President Roosevelt had intended, as I do today, is not some new, vulgar mercantilist contract among competing separate powers, but a reform of the world's economic and related affairs according to a single, commonly adopted great principle, one conceived in the same spirit as the 1648 Peace of Westphalia. What is required, if civilization today is to be rescued from its own pervasive folly, is a submission to a common universal principle, as it were to be conceived as an adopted principle of nature, as was that Peace of Westphalia. It must become a new, refreshed body of anti-monetarist,[2] natural, international law of economy, binding together a system of respectively perfectly sovereign nation-states by a common, universal principle adopted in the likeness of a universal physical principle. Either those nations will bind themselves together according to that principle, or the case for each and all among them would be a hopeless cause.[3]

Thus, although the U.S.A.'s alliance with Britain was necessary for the defeat of Hitler's power at that time, it was a very difficult alliance between a sovereign nation-state and an empire, as President Roosevelt, General Douglas MacArthur, General Dwight Eisenhower, and others saw clearly during that time of war. For just that reason, the continued existence of President Franklin Roosevelt was, therefore, seen by London as a grave strategic threat to the continued, post-war existence of the British Empire. For that reason, the death of President Roosevelt was seized as the strategic opportunity which Britain desperately desired, the opportunity to corrupt and ruin the post-Franklin Roosevelt U.S.A., as we should be able to see this clearly in retrospect today.

For reason of those war-time circumstances, President Roosevelt made difficult alliances with such circles from among both his domestic and foreign opposition during the war-time; this was done in order to secure the launching and needed continuing support for the war from among the Wall Street and like-minded factions within the U.S.A. So, already, as soon as the U.S.-led forces had succeeded in breaking through the Normandy beachhead, the right-wing supporters of the war in the U.S., unleashed a campaign against Roosevelt in concert with the relevant circles in the British establishment. Among President Roosevelt's most difficult concessions to his political adversaries within the Anglo-American camp, had been the replacement of Vice-President Wallace by his right-wing Democratic Party adversary Senator Harry Truman for the 1944 nomination of a U.S. Vice-President.

For example:

As soon as the Allied breakthrough at Normandy had been completed, the British imperialists, and their sympathizers in the U.S.A., took measures, such as the catastrophic "Market Garden" swindle led by British Field Marshal Montgomery, to prolong the warfare unnecessarily, by operations which would prevent an otherwise available completion of the mission of that war by the close of 1944.[4] Similarly, the British betrayal of the German Generals' Plot against the Nazi regime was a betrayal made to prevent such a relatively immediate cessation of warfare. The militarily absurd and immoral, British-led terror-bombings of non-military civilian targets, such as Dresden and Magdeburg, were also typical of post-Normandy British objectives of this same Churchillian character.

We have seen the same British imperial policy of late 1944 and early 1945 in the post-1989 actions by Britain's Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her asset François Mitterrand, to dismember and loot a reunited Germany and also ruin the nations of the eastern European Comecon and the former Soviet Union itself, a looting continued up to the first inauguration of Vladimir Putin as the new President of Russia.

The foolish acquiescence of most Presidents, and most Congresses of the U.S.A.,[5] like some other nations, to these recurring British imperial policies of practice, has transformed the two decades since the beginning of 1989, into one of the most monstrous destructions of physical productive potential, and essential basic economic infrastructure, in places such as Europe and North America, in modern history.

This deliberate ruin of the U.S. economy had begun with President Truman. The death of President Roosevelt, had already cleared the way for a fundamental change, carried out by President Truman, in full witting service of the British (e.g., "Anglo-American") imperial interest, in the mission-orientation assigned to what emerged as the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The evidence of the intention of that change was immediate. The former colonies which had been marked for independence, during President Roosevelt's term, were now doomed to various forms of either their former, colonial status (such as Indo-China and Indonesia), or some thinly disguised form of pseudo-independence under Anglo-Dutch Liberal financier control of all important moveable assets of those newly "freed" nations.

Thus, instead of a global political and economic reconstruction of the post-war world, the mass of U.S. agro-industrial potential available through conversion of military-industrial-agricultural capabilities to civilian development of the economies of the world, was either largely wasted, or, otherwise, was reoriented from the intention under Franklin Roosevelt, to establishing what is sometimes identified as a neo-colonialist system, under which what should be the emerging, economically developing nations, were prevented from enjoying "too much liberty" in developing their national resources and productivity per capita and per square kilometer. The presently continuing, pro-genocidal victimization of Africa under British imperial overlordship, has been, to the present moment in world history, among the most shameful expressions of this brutishness under the Keynesian alternative to Roosevelt's intended credit-system policies.

London's Treasonous U.S. Assets
We must never forget such examples from the rise of Anglo-Dutch imperialism, as the British use of its puppets of the Nineteenth-Century Spanish monarchy to build up African slavery in the post-1815-war United States, and also that monarchy's assistance to the British in corrupting and wrecking the Ibero-American states of South and Central America. These things were done as a conscious form of warfare, directed under the British Foreign Office's Jeremy Bentham and his protege Lord Palmerston.

Nor must we forget the Anglo-Dutch Liberal interest's earlier creation of the Seven Years War as the means by which British imperialism ruined continental Europe to London's strategic advantage. Nor must we forget the warning stated by Germany's Chancellor Bismarck, that the general war on the continent of Europe being prepared by Britain's Prince Edward Albert, already during the 1890s, was intended to be the "geo-political" intention of Britain's second, imperial "Seven Years War."

All of the major warfare on this planet since the 1890 ouster of impediment Bismarck from the Chancellory, as in Edward Albert's launching Japan into its 1895-1945 warfare against China, and as every major war on this planet since 1895, has been a continuation of the same strategic principle expressed by Edward Albert's use of the model of the Anglo-Dutch Liberal conduct of the Seven Years War, a principle continued in such forms as the crucial role of Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair in plunging the U.S.A. into U.S. President George W. Bush, Jr.'s foolish, fraudulently conceived, wasting warfare in Southwest Asia , a terrible chaos not only continuing, but spreading, now, with the complicity of President George W. Bush, Jr.'s administration, into Pakistan, up to the present moment this present report of mine is written.

Thus, we see in these examples from modern British history since the 1763 Peace of Paris, that men and women rarely live to 100 years, but that nations' and empires' cultures and habits often span centuries.

Was Truman a Traitor?
From the very day after President Roosevelt's most untimely death, London's asset Truman was already serving as the British Empire's ally against the intended policies of the Bretton Woods system.

This presents thoughtful historians with a certain question: Was President Truman therefore a traitor? In U.S. tradition, excepting extreme cases such as one-time U.S. Vice-President Aaron Burr, such tainted political figures are not formally considered to be traitors, but rather as political skunks or, worse, like creatures such as former U.S. Vice-President Al Gore from "Possum Hollow," Gore, for example. Gore today typifies a certain kind of ambiguous, in-between place, which Gore shares with British assets such as U.S. Presidents Andrew "Slippery" Jackson and with Jackson's controller, and traitor Aaron Burr's successor on Wall Street, Martin van Buren, and John Quincy Adams' and Abraham Lincoln's adversary, Polk, later. Van Buren was the author of the scheme, installed by his puppet and "Trail of Tears" veteran Jackson, which exploded as the financial Panic (banking) of 1837.[6] Theodore Roosevelt and Ku Klux Klan backer Woodrow Wilson, or Coolidge, Richard Nixon, and other Presidents of a kindred stripe, later, were similar cases of corruption.

So, where President Roosevelt's administration had marked former colonies for liberation, the British Empire, working hand-in-glove with Truman, had restored either old colonial rule in other places, or imposed new guises for the same thing, in effect, as in the presently continuing British population-control policy for the looting of the African continent, which was also adopted by the U.S.A. under Ford and Carter during the middle through late 1970s.

The Spring 1945 change in U.S. policy, from Roosevelt to Truman, had thus produced a corresponding trend of change in the content and meaning of the name "Bretton Woods system." That change in meaning of the term, under Truman, has been a principal source of the present general confusion among the misinformed (and those who wish to appear to be misinformed), world wide, respecting both the Franklin Roosevelt legacy in particular, and the American System of political-economy in general.

Therefore, it is essential to focus here on the specific difference in principle between President Franklin Roosevelt's Bretton Woods intention of 1944, the establishment of an international Bretton Woods credit-system, and Truman's perversion of Roosevelt's policy, to use the name of the 1944 Bretton Woods draft as a cover for a fixed-exchange-rate monetarist system premised on the imperialist monetarist dogma of John Maynard Keynes.

Roosevelt Versus Keynes
To understand today's global economic crisis, we must see the stark contrast of the system of uttering of money defined by the U.S. Federal Constitution, to the usual European monetary systems, the British system. We must trace the underlying consistency of trends of change, away from President Franklin Roosevelt's intention, a change which has not only ruined what had been the most powerful and productive economy the world had ever known, to the state of wreckage to which it has been degraded today. It has been a wrecking-process which began with the inauguration of President Harry Truman and his Anglo-American policy of imperialist re-colonization of many among the nations of the poorer peoples of the world, as that same ugly policy of the British empire is deployed against Sudan, Zimbabwe, and other nations of Africa today.

To begin the needed exploration of this relevant matter of recent history, consider, briefly, the essential, principled difference between the British system and that of the United States Constitution, a difference which is of crucial significance for anyone who seeks to benefit from the legacy of the Bretton Woods system.

Under the U.S. Federal Constitution, the creation of money is a monopoly of the elected Federal Executive, but this is permitted only under the condition of the consent of the lower house of the U.S. Congress. This consent is the authorization to create a specific debt of the Federal Government, which is put into circulation as an increase of money authorized to be put into circulation through the U.S. Treasury directly, or through credit extended for authorized loans through such institutions as U.S. Federal and state chartered banks, or through treaty-agreements with foreign nations to which the U.S. Congress has consented.

What I have proposed as the treaty-organization to be launched through the joint initiative of the U.S.A., Russia, China, and India, is an outstanding example of the advantages available for the use of a credit system, rather than a monetary system of the Keynesian type.

The British monetarist system, is derived from the tradition of an ancient system of usury, as practiced in the Mediterranean and adjoining regions over the course of ancient, medieval, and modern times. The prevalent modern European parliamentary systems were derived from the practice of concessions to the medieval and modern Venetian systems of tyranny through usury. The medieval Crusades have been the model used for such operations as the presently, London-steered, ongoing wasting wars and related terrorist operations in Southwest Asia. The contemporary Anglo-Dutch Liberal system, for example, was an outgrowth of the reforms by that New Venetian Party of Paolo Sarpi, which moved the bulk of intrinsically usurious, Venetian financier operations from the Mediterranean littoral, to the maritime regions of the northern coastal regions of Europe, that with increasing emphasis on maritime usury (e.g., Adam Smith, "buy cheap and sell dear") practiced in the realm of transoceanic traffic.

The essential difference between the two systems, American versus British, American System versus John Maynard Keynes, et al., is that the American System is based on a constitutional principle of public credit, where the Anglo-Dutch Liberal system, including its Keynesian variant, is based on an implicitly imperialist, reigning law of usury, a reign of private money established as the hereditary benefit delivered to a predatory, financier class. The latter is a system under which citizens and their governments pay tribute to the power of privately held hoards of financial assets, an intrinsically predatory Adam Smith system, under which people are cheap, and under which usurious profit-taking, by means of the swindles concocted by the private money-interest, is dear.

Under the American System, the constitutional system supported by President Franklin Roosevelt, Federal public credit, as defined by our Constitution, is supreme, and the Federal government exerts the power of regulation, through the instrument of public credit, as also coinage, throughout the land.

The British system, of which the Keynesian system is a subsumed variant, is more accurately labeled "the Anglo-Dutch Liberal system of international usury." Under that monetarist system, the private financier-oligarchical interest loots the public credit, supremely. The modern monarchies themselves are predominantly Liberal Venetians of the Sarpi pedigree, sometimes dressed up with feudal trappings, but despite such costumed buffoonery, are actually very, very "bourgeois" monarchies, and are representatives of the collective interest embodied in the swarm of private financiers, as it were the "Queen" of the hornets' nest. Sometimes, the swarm of hornets, or of ants, may dump a reigning queen, and replace her with another government, but the character of the swarm as an institution persists. The essence of the business lies in the relationship of the hive to what it deems its lawful prey, the ordinary citizen or the like.

The actual British Empire of today, for example, is, in every systemic cultural and other leading feature, an outgrowth of the influence of both Sarpi's reforms, and the earlier Venetian slaughter of statesmen and royal wives under the reign of mad Henry VIII. The empire itself is essentially a financial empire based on usury, rather than being a secretion of the will of the population of the British Isles; that is the essential meaning of "free trade" (free of government interference with usury and kindred swindles). With the combination of the shutting down of the U.S.-based Bretton Woods system, under U.S. President Nixon, in 1971-72, with the great Anglo-Dutch-Saudi petroleum-hoax swindle of 1973, and with the breakdown of the U.S. economic system carried out by David Rockefeller and his cronies under the rubric of the Trilateral Commission, the U.S. economy has been systematically looted and wrecked.

This wrecking has been done almost as much from the inside as from the the actions of the Anglo-Dutch-Saudi operations centered in the petroleum spot-market operations and the BAE (e.g., El Yamamah). This vast petroleum swindle, combined with London-centered "protection" of a vast international narcotics trafficking, has taken over control of the U.S. and the U.S. dollar system, beginning with those radical measures of destruction of the U.S. economic system during the implicitly treasonous interval between pressure on President Johnson to capitulate to the British on the U.S. dollar, on March 1, 1968, and the subsequent, 1981 inauguration of President Ronald Reagan.[7]

If we select attention to these, subsequent 1968-1981 developments, and their 1981-2008 sequel of today, what has happened to the post-Franklin Roosevelt U.S.A. has been a relatively successful period of continued net physical growth of the U.S. economy over the interval 1945-1967. We see a significant slowing of that progress during the 1964-1967 years. This was followed by an uninterrupted period of increasing rate of net collapse of the physical economy, per capita and per square kilometer, during the course of the forty-year net physical collapse, 1968-2008. Statistics which have been forged to suggest a contrary, post-1968 effect, have been clearly fraudulent concealment of the visible physical reality of the increasing ruin of the general population and territory of the U.S.A. under the cover of financial jiggery-pokery crafted for the intellectual consumption of the credulous.

The three factors which have had the greatest impact in forcing the long wave of collapse of the physical output of the U.S. economy, per capita and per square kilometer, over the 1968-2008 interval, have been the net collapse of production and maintenance of basic economic infrastructure which began in fiscal year 1967-1968, the establishment of the combination of President Nixon's wrecking the last remnant of the Bretton Woods system in August 1971, and systemic wrecking of every pillar of progress in our system through the injection of the policies of the David Rockefeller-Brzezinski Trilateral Commission, beginning the U.S. Carter Administration.

In the following five chapters of this report, I trace more of the implications of the four subject-matters listed in the opening of this present chapter.

2. Why a Credit-System?
1. First of all, there is the matter of widespread ignorance, even among putative experts, of the fundamental difference in scientific principle, between the U.S. Constitution's specification of a credit-system, and a typical, usury-based, European monetary system.

The intention of the Constitution of the United States was identified by the original U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, under three reports to the U.S. Congress during 1790-1791: Report on Public Credit (1790), Report on a National Bank (1790), and Report on the Subject of Manufactures (1791).

These policies respecting currency and related matters, were, in principle, enacted into U.S. Constitutional law under, principally, Sections §7 and §8 of Article I of the original U.S. Federal Constitution. Although some founders, such as Jefferson, were opposed to the National Bank and to some among the implications of Hamilton's Report on the Subject of Manufactures, both of these policies emphasized by Hamilton were borne out beyond reasonable doubt by the comparative evidence of the contending impulses for enforcement of, and failure to implement those principles, over the course of the total history of the U.S. economy since that time to the present date.

The ideas on which these constitutional policies were premised then, and later, were drawn from the very roots of modern European history, as reflected in such publications,on the subject of the sovereign nation-state as Dante Alighieri's De Monarchia and Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa's Concordancia Catholica, and, on the principles of physical economy codified by Cusa, as in his founding of the principles of modern physical science in his De Docta Ignorantia. The first modern nation-state premised on Cusa's principles of statecraft and physical economy, was that of France's Louis XI. The imitation of Louis XI's successful example by England's Henry VII, established the precedent on which all successful modern European models of statecraft in general, and economy, are models of early success to the present day.

The effort, organized by the Venetian financier oligarchy, to attempt to crush the accomplishments of the great 1438-1439 ecumenical Council of Florence, beginning the Fall of Constantinople, was the precedent for what became the same Venetian party's direction of the religious warfare which dominated and wracked European civilization from the 1492 expulsion of the Jews from Spain until the adoption of the great 1648 Peace of Westphalia.

The 1492-1648 interval of a Europe dominated by religious warfare, was succeeded by a relatively brief interval of the crucial 1620-1688 colonization of a New England led by the Winthrops and Mathers. By 1689, the great rise of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts had been crushed, and many relevant New England families subjected to a long-ranging process of corruption. The party of the Winthrops and Mathers struggled on at their posts, but even they soon advised figures such as the later leading American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, to shift the base of their party's operations to the Pennsylvania of James Logan et al. For a great moment of history, during the first decade of the Eighteenth Century, the great universal intellect of Gottfried Leibniz challenged the enemies of a civilized form of society; but, then, the defeat of the English Tory faction of Leibniz, Jonathan Swift, et al., by the accession of England's Liberals' regime of King George I, shifted the best hopes of the Europeans to the emerging potential for a republic along the shores of North America.[8]

Out of the success of the great struggles, centered then in the France of Cardinal Mazarin and Jean-Baptiste Colbert, came a great flourishing of science in the tradition of Nicholas of Cusa's avowed followers Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Kepler, and also such among their Seventeenth-Century followers as Fermat, Pascal, Christiaan Huyghens, and Gottfried Leibniz. Thus, the great tradition of the Sixteenth-Century followers of Cusa, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Niccolo Machiavelli, and Cusa's and Leonardo's follower Johannes Kepler, created the foundations of the political statecraft associated with the great ecumenical Council of Florence, embodied in those international circles centered in the figure and influence of the universal genius of Leibniz.

I emphasize here, again, that the special nature of the human individual, as distinct from all the beasts, and also, generally speaking, English-speaking Liberals, is that although man has the incarnate form of another beast, the creative potential lodged within the birth of the newborn human individual, expresses a potential immortality of the personal human identity of that individual who participates in the preservation of the uniquely human creative power of human individuals.[9] As I have emphasized, the human individual who lives up to that potential, does not lose his, or her viable identity with death of the mortal body. Rather, the good which the individual conveys is a power that has been proven by known history, and even earlier traces, to reach across many centuries, even millennia. It is the individual who accepts that noble destiny, who is among the true leaders from mankind's past, and in its future destiny.

Thus, the Preamble of the U.S. Federal Constitution states simply and nobly:

We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, and to establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defense, to promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

This Constitution reflected the colonists' experience of the relevant great literature from ancient scientific and other sources which the Winthrops and the Mathers of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries' colonization knew through their own education and that of their children and grandchildren. It embodied the great tradition of Cardinal Mazarin's leading role in organizing the great 1648 Peace of Westphalia, and the informed opinion which these North American colonists had formed through experience with the ever fresh eruptions of brutishness from the reigning powers of the continent, of Europe, especially the European aristocratic and financier oligarchies. During the course of the middle through late Eighteenth Century, Americans had come, partly through the radiated effect of the leading role of Benjamin Franklin as a publicist, to relatively up-to-date knowledge of important developments within Europe, and among the future states which were then the English colonies.

As the case of Leibniz himself attests to this, the most direct influence on the development of the culture of the North American colonies was that radiated, as by Gottfried Leibniz, from the France of Jean-Baptiste Colbert. It was the role and influence of Colbert in promoting the science-driven economic progress in the productive powers of labor in France, and the unprecedented degree of achievements accomplished in France under his personal influence, which informed the developing future states in North America. It was, for example, an example rooted in the precedents of Colbert's France, which prompted this North America to actually introduce the industrial revolution to mid-Eighteenth-Century England, not the reverse. The modernity of the Saugus Iron Works in Seventeenth-Century New England attests to the superiority of the progress of economy in New England relative to England under the Kings of that time.

It has been a popular, foolish belief among many poorly informed Europeans, and even some Americans, as shown in historical researches published by my associate Anton Chaitkin, that the initial advantages of the English-speaking colonies in North America came from looting of natural resources. Here, on this point, we encounter the roots, in day-to-day, and generation-to-generation experience, of the newly formed United States' keen appreciation of the advantages of its Constitutional credit-system over a monetary system, as opposed to an inherently usurious, neo-Venetian type of British or continental monetary system even today.

The impetus and character of development of the productive powers of labor in the English colonies of North America is well illustrated by the writing of my late associate, professional historian H. Graham Lowry's How the Nation Was Won.[10] The increase of the productive powers of labor is accomplished through credible promises of future physical basis for the generation of means of payment of that investment, that over not only years, but, often, successive generations.

This principle was understood very well by the founder of the first modern European nation-state, France's Louis XI, who created a profit for France and its individuals of all classes through bribing English, Burgundian, and Spanish predators into peace, which allowed the productive powers of labor and means of production to be built up in France. The same wise practice of Louis XI was adopted by his admirer, England's Henry VII, thus creating both a France and an England which became the principal heralds of successive forms of modern nation-state economy and its marketing practices. This was the echo of a precious lesson from the development of large regions of future France and Germany under the leadership of Charlemagne, as the still living inland waterways of continental Europe attest to the present day.

A prudent economy is one which invests in the profit of its own people through the credit organized for that people by its own self-government. An excess of foreign loans, especially loans from predatory usurers in the Venetian tradition, is usually a sign, not of the lenders' hope of prompt repayment as scheduled, but their lust for the perpetually increasing indebtedness of the nation and its citizens to the alien predators such as those lenders themselves. Such are the predatory "Mr. Scratch" types of Felix Rohatyn and George Soros.[11] Decent foreign loans are those arranged among nations allied in common cause against predatory adversaries. As Popes of the past might have forewarned you: never trust a Venetian, especially when he is engaged in his customarily most evil role, pretending to be your friend and backer.

3. Why Physical Economy?
2. Second, the vicious, cardinal error of substituting a monetarist standard for physical values.

When Adam delved and Eve span, who then was nobleman?

For intelligent and sane economists, however rare they might be in this age of post-industrial decadence, the only competent policy for capital investment, is the reasonable presumption that the physical productive powers of labor of the national economy (and, implicitly, the world) will be increased as the fruit of that enterprise. It is not the ownership of property which defines this required accomplishment; it is the benefit expressed as the increase of the physical productive powers of labor, per capita and per square kilometer of national, and, implicitly, world territory.

This output of society is not to be counted as the summing-up of individual estimates of values, but as the effect of the whole process on the relative value of the process considered directly as an indivisible whole. Is the potential relative population-density of the territory and population as a whole increased to a higher dynamic level (as a whole), or not?

The notion of physical must, however, be congruent with certain implications of Academician V.I. Vernadsky's notions of the categorical (phase-spatial) distinctions of the abiotic, the Biosphere, and the Noösphere, as I shall identify those distinctions here.

The value of any particular part of that process is to be measured implicitly by the effect of the removal, or addition of the examined element from, or to the whole process as a process, not an aggregate of separate things.

Therefore, the object of pricing is to provide a reasonable estimate of the relative price, one which corresponds to the physical value of the particular as a functional part of the whole, as better defined in those terms.

As a matter of contrasts, the good workman, or the honest entrepreneur, seeks to leave behind a condition of the world which is better, by these standards for physical investment, than it had been when he, or she had entered that world. Without such a notion of progress, there is no truthful notion of economic value. The sense of a practical quality of personal immortality expressed in this fashion, is typical of the human individual who thinks, with reference to such physical terms, about the kind of world which his, or her, life will leave behind him. Under the real conditions of today's onrushing, global breakdown-crisis, there is, morally, no allowable room for defining "investment" in the terms of the delusionary folly of "marginal utilities."

Those so summarized considerations, respecting the economic processes of entire nations as wholes, are the essence of the matter from the standpoint of a physical-scientific outlook.

The principles for adducing the relative prices which are approximately congruent, in effect, with those physical values, is a matter of the good approximations necessary for conducting local financial transactions within the economy considered as a whole process.

Any contrary definition of productive investment, is chiefly a matter of the folly popular among the monetarist entrepreneurs and their male or female mistresses. Lusty satisfaction, in one way or another, by the person, has become the often sado-masochistic motive of the typical actual, or would-be capitalist.

Consider some relatively commonplace, or false opinions on the subject of economic value. For example:

Why Both Al Gore & Satan Are Wrong
One among the present prototypes of the religious dogma of service to Satan and his followers, is that essentially pro-Satanic dogma of the likes of former Vice-President Al Gore: his worship of entropy. I mean their opposition to the conceptual outlook of a science-driven, physical-economic development of national physical economies, their opposition, such as that of Gore and his masters, England's Princes Philip and Charles, to the up-shifting of modes of productive existence to higher levels of effective energy-flux density, as by nuclear power, expresses their implicit devotion to the pro-Satanic image of Aeschylus' Olympian Zeus. That expresses, thus, notions comparable in effect of practice to those of Hitlerian depravity. This is as shown by their denial of the right to physical development of the continental nations of Africa by Africans, a denial which is among the frankest expression of that counterproductive trio's share of investment in moral depravity.

For example: the essential common character of Gore and Princes Philip and Charles, is their defiance of the scientific reality of what the late Academician V.I. Vernadsky defined as the Biosphere and Noösphere. We shall return to that matter later in this report, but, for the moment, the following clarification of the point is sufficient for the purposes of the discussion immediately at hand in this present chapter.

During the course of the preceding century, any competent approach to economic science recognizes that the mass of the planet Earth is composed of three distinct types of products.

First, is the portion of that physical mass whose adduced origin is pre-biotic (derived from non-living origins. Only life generates life.

Second, that the product of the mass of living processes and the products, as residues, is, thus, specific to living, or formerly living creatures.

Third, is the portion of the mass of the planet which is the increased product of nothing other than the activity of human beings, human beings who are set categorically apart from the beasts by their innate, creative-mental (noëtic) abilities to make, and to employ discoveries of physical principle willfully, discoveries through which the human species can increase its potential relative population-density, per capita and per square kilometer, as no other living species of marsupial or mammal could do this.

The distinction of one among these categories from the others, is located in the existence of relevant, corresponding physical principles. Thus, as emphasized in the opening of this present chapter, the principle of life is a universal physical principle of a phase-space, whereas the principle of human creativity is a universal physical principle of another phase-space. The common product is therefore to be found in the dynamics of the interaction of the three phase-spaces: the "inorganic," the Biosphere, and the Noösphere.

These just-identified conclusions are evident in the comparison of the fossil masses of human beings, and non-human living processes, to the known abiotic mass of our planet and the Moon, and related evidence of the Solar System at large. Life, thus, is a principle of the universe which is not derived from non-life, while the mass of the planet specific to human life and its unique products, expresses a principle associated with the notion of human individual creativity, which does not exist among any other known form of existence. The order among these three categories, is that life increases its share of the mass of the planet at the expense of non-life, whereas the human species increases its share relative to all lower forms of living processes.

The idea of a reasonable estimate of physical-economic value, is to be crafted from the standpoint of the role of the Noösphere as the highest level of outcome of the dynamic interaction of the three phase-spaces.

Thus, since any fixed mode of social existence of mankind tends to outrun the depletable resources of non-human masses, only the quality of development of human noëtic powers, as expressed typically by the quality of scientific and related progress unique to the individual member of the human species, permits the indefinitely continued existence of mankind's national cultures, on this planet (or, beyond).

The living purpose of the form of existence to be chosen by mankind, is that typified as the scientific and related qualities of anti-entropic progress associated with the development of societies through increasingly capital-intensive, technologically revolutionary progress in what we call "labor by individual persons." Productive labor governed by a principle of anti-entropic, increasingly capital-intensive (physically) progress, is the inherent destiny which the Creator has assigned implicitly to mankind.

The effect of the act of individual human creativity is typified by the individual's discovery, or reenacting of the discovery of a relevant universal physical principle, or of the relevant reassessment of a principle previously known to that person.

Real history, in its expression as a lawful process, will therefore come, sooner or later, to destroy any form of human society which rejects that inherent mission. The penalty for any society's supporting the perversion shared among Gore and Princes Philip and Charles, would be awesome.

The consequence of the argument which I have just summarized, thus, here, is that man is distinguished so from the beasts, by this noëtic principle of the existence of the individual person.

All competent insight into the principles of a physically successful organization of the behavior of nations, is derived from the notion of human individual creativity as the uniquely original discovery of the universal principle of gravitation of the Solar System was discovered, as Albert Einstein emphasized, by Johannes Kepler.

The Theologian's View of Economy
This is not a theological argument in the simple-minded sense of matters; but, it does have a basis in what was, rather famously, the condemnation of the Aristoteleans by that friend of the Christian Apostle Peter known as Philo of Alexandria.

The argument of the Aristoteleans to whom Philo referred, is that those Aristoteleans were arguing in favor of Satan (whether they intended that or not) when they read the opening chapter of Genesis as suggesting that the Creator had finished his work, as being perfected, once the successive steps outlined in that chapter had been completed by Him. The Sophistry employed for that interpretation, was that, if the Creation had been perfect, the Creator Himself could not have altered what He had already created! Unfortunately, this scheme provided opportunities for the play of what were to be considered by theologians as agencies, such as the past and present forms of "malthusians," which would be unfriendly to God and man alike.

In short, the silliness of those Aristoteleans referenced by Philo, was that they demanded a God made impotent, his power of creativity terminated by his own actions! Philo left them with a devil of a time explaining that. The atheist who agrees with that Aristotelean, would nod approvingly: "Who should pray to an impotent Creator?"

The remedy for the Aristoteleans' silliness was, theologically and otherwise, that God's perfection is expressed as the view of a principle of a continuing power of Creation, a principle of universal anti-entropy expressed as a limitless sequence of phases of development to higher states of (anti-entropic) organization.

The sophistical objection to that from the Aristoteleans and their likenesses, was the argument attributed to the Olympian Zeus from Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound. The argument was that Satan (e.g., Zeus) would never permit mankind to practice a principle of anti-entropy: to be creative.

This was not simply an arbitrary rule. What Aeschylus identifies for us to be Zeus' domain, in Prometheus Bound, is the principle of empire which European history traces to the imperialism of an evil ancient Babylon. This was also the imperialism of the Roman Empire and of its successors. The rule of the imperialists, such as Diocletian (who, like Gibbon, would have preferred Julian the Apostate on this account), was, that the great mass of the human population, if permitted to exist at all, must live in dutiful submission to the rule that the ordinary man and woman must not seek to rise above his and her given station, but must adhere to the profession of his father. From the ancient Iliad through all Classical Greek tragedy, this evil rule of the gods serving Olympus was of this Babylonian type, a type traced from a degenerated mode of the Sumerian, so-called "hydraulic," bow-tenure culture.

In decent modalities in modern European society, the effect of scientific and technological progress is to be regarded as the proper destiny of progress from laborer, to skilled artisan, to machine-tool designer, to scientist, and, from farmer to modern scientific farmer operating in a relatively capital-intensive mode.

The Sarpi Legacy Today
If there ever were an actual Mephistopheles of Christopher Marlowe's and Goethe's fancy, he were certainly a suitable model for Venice's Paolo Sarpi. The model explicitly adopted for this purpose, by Sarpi, was that systemic irrationalism of the medieval William of Ockham. Ockham's irrationalism was adopted by Sarpi as the unifying basis for all of the dogma of Anglo-Dutch Liberalism, up through the present day.

I summarize now what I have presented in numerous locations published earlier. I caution the reader at this point, that the argument to be supplied here, while inescapable in any practical treatment of the subject of modern economy and so-called "geo-politics," is very tricky ground for discussion. My difficulty here does not lie in any fault I should attribute to myself, but in the confusion which the popularization of the Anglo-Dutch Liberal dogma of Ockham has embedded in contemporary academic and related life. This impediment to accepting reason is especially notable in the special relationship which Ockham's influence has shown in the cases of both the frankly anti-scientific positivism of Ernst Mach, and the even more radically Ockhamite dogma of Bertrand Russell and his followers since the publication of Russell's Principia Mathematica.

Today, few victims of contemporary higher academic education have escaped what is fairly described as "brainwashing" in the sheer lunacy promoted by followers of Russell devotees such as Professor Norbert Wiener and John von Neumann.

Creativity in presently known physical science, since the ancient Pythagoreans, has depended essentially on the notion of the meaning of what modern practice identified, not as imaginary, as the Eighteenth-Century reductionists proposed, but, as the, ontologically, efficiently existing, Leibnizian infinitesimal.

This idea, as it had been treated previously extensively by Nicholas of Cusa and his followers, such as Johannes Kepler, focuses on the exemplary case of Kepler's demonstration of the existence of the ontologically infinitesimal as the expression of efficient principles which do not correspond to the human images of naive sense-perception, but are nonetheless efficiently demonstrated, as gravitation is, to exist as efficient effects of a universal character. As Albert Einstein's emphasis on the validity of Kepler's genius should remind us: We can not see the universe which encloses our existence as an object of sense-perception; but, we must respectfully acknowledge the actuality of that universality's effects. The case of Kepler's uniquely original discovery of the general principle of gravitation which corresponds to the organization of the Solar System, is, as Albert Einstein emphasized centuries later, a demonstration of the existence of universal physical principles which efficiently bound action within a universe which is therefore finite, but not externally bounded.[12]

These discoveries represent efficient ideas, which can be willfully demonstrated to be such by mankind, but which appear to the human senses, as in Einstein's praise of Kepler, as if ontologically infinitesimal. This latter notion was introduced to the founding of modern science by Nicholas of Cusa, who was followed explicitly on this account in the development of modern science by such exemplary individuals as Leonardo da Vinci, Kepler, Fermat, Christiaan Huyghens, and Gottfried Leibniz.

The Principle of Experiment
The notion involved, is, simply stated, the fact that our given senses are comparable to scientific instruments, in the sense that no one of these provides the mind a direct sense of the real universe. It is through discovering the paradoxes posed by comparing the coincident experience of different qualities of senses, or different qualities of laboratory instruments co-deployed paradoxically, as surrogates for sense-perception, that the human mind itself is impelled to go to a higher level than mere sense-certainty, to discover the reality which is not the bare evidence of any of these senses or instruments. The experimental proof-of-principle of such a discovery of a higher order than sense-perception, is the proper notion of an idea. Kepler's uniquely original discovery of universal gravitation, as recounted in his Harmonies, which produced the only competent, modern notion of the principled organization of the Solar System, is an example of this.

All that are properly identified, thus, as experimentally demonstrable ideas of the real universe beyond the limits of sense-perceptual accuracy, such as the entirety of sub-optical microspace, exemplify the domain of the action properly known as the power of human individual creativity which is the only efficient proof of man's distinction from the beasts.[13]

That illustrative case, so identified, is also the key for the definition of the human individual creativity which sets the individual human being apart from, and absolutely above all lower forms of life. These considerations just so presented here in summary, are key for proper insight into the pernicious implications of the influence of the Ockhamite dogma of Sarpi on the typical failures of putatively scientific thinking today. In other words, the inability to comprehend this referenced discovery of universal gravitation by Kepler, as that discovery was later upheld by Albert Einstein.

The notion of underlying physical values, for the purpose of economic analysis, must reflect these considerations.

Sarpi's argument, as presented by such among his school's followers as the empiricists de Moivre, D'Alembert, Leonhard Euler, Lagrange, Laplace, and Cauchy, has, as I have noted above, denied the existence of the relevant ontologically infinitesimal, as de Moivre, D'Alembert, Euler, and their followers did, as "imaginary." Accordingly, they do not identify universal physical principles as such, but employ a chosen substitute in mathematical formulas, formulations whose significance is that those formulations are never better than the poor, adumbrated shadows cast by the actual physical principle expressed experimentally.

Seeing this incompetence of those Eighteenth-Century and later empiricists and positivists, is crucial for the competent understanding of those issues of physical economy which underlie all competent assessments of the matters of functions of pricing.

However, this is no mere matter of interpretations. It is precisely within the ontological domain which those Eighteenth-Century empiricists derided as "imaginary," that the factor of human individual creativity in economy is located ontologically.

Economy's Ontological Paradox
As a matter of principle, all net technological increase in the productive powers of labor in society, is dependent upon the kind of inventive mental activity which is typified by an individual's application of an experimentally valid notion of a universal physical principle of that class which the indicated, silly Eighteenth-Century empiricists derided as "imaginary."

At the same time that this consideration must be brought into play, the economy is experiencing attrition in the relative productivity of previously established technologies. The quality of what might be termed "customary resources" is suffering effects of attrition, at the same time that the increase of relative population-density defines a lower density of what current practice regards as customary resources per capita, per square kilometer.

Thus, progress, even maintenance of previous standards of output per capita, requires greater density of resources, and new qualities of resource combined, in effect, with more densely rich technologies.

Naturally, there is something which some of the Eighteenth-Century empiricist economists, and Marx came to recognize as the effects of depletion. Marx referenced the published work, Riflessioni sulla popolazione delle nazioni per rapporto all'economia nazionale (Reflections on the population of nations with respect to national economy; Venice 1790), of that Venetian economist Giammaria Ortes from whose English translation the Haileybury School's Thomas Malthus promptly plundered the essentials of his own, infamous On Population. The earlier precedents for that line of argument which has become synonymous with "Malthusian," are traced to the "proto-Malthusian" decrees of the Roman Emperor Diocletian. The appearance of the forerunners of "Malthusianism" in modern Europe is usually dated to Giovanni Botero's association with the think